AP CH41

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AP CH41

Multiple Choice

Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

Which vertebrate body system is most closely associated functionally with respiration?

a.	urinary
b.	digestive
c.	endocrine
d.	circulatory
e.	integumentary

The most abundant gas in the earth's atmosphere is

a.	oxygen.
b.	water vapor.
c.	argon.
d.	nitrogen.
e.	carbon dioxide.

The movement of both oxygen and carbon dioxide in the body is accomplished by

a.	exocytosis and endocytosis.
b.	bulk flow.
c.	osmosis.
d.	diffusion.
e.	facilitated diffusion.

As an animal grows larger, the surface area increases by the __________ of its dimensions.

a.	cube
b.	square
c.	square root
d.	doubling
e.	quotient

All but which of the following increase the amount of oxygen in a given volume of water?

a.	cold temperature
b.	increased salt
c.	sunlight
d.	circulation
e.	All of these increase the oxygen content.

Which of the following do NOT use integumentary exchange in respiration?

a.	sea hares (gastropod)
b.	some amphibians
c.	earthworms
d.	flatworms
e.	fish

For the surface of an animal to function in the integumentary exchange of gases, it must

a.	be thin and soft.
b.	have a high number of blood vessels.
c.	have mucus or a moist covering.
d.	all of these

Which of the following facts concerning insect tracheas is false?

a.	The fine tubules extend to individual muscle cells.
b.	The opening to the trachea can be closed.
c.	Gases in the trachea are exchanged with the circulatory system.
d.	The tubes are reinforced by rings of chitin to prevent collapse.

External gills are characteristic of

a.	some invertebrates.
b.	larval amphibians.
c.	fish larvae.
d.	all of these

10.

Which of the following statements is false?

a.	Aquatic animals work harder to obtain oxygen than terrestrial animals.
b.	Aquatic environments hold only 0.5 percent of the oxygen found in the air.
c.	Aquatic environments are more dense and viscous than air.
d.	Cold water holds more oxygen than warm water.

11.

The last mammalian structure that air moves through before the alveoli is the

a.	larynx.
b.	glottis.
c.	bronchioles.
d.	trachea.
e.	pharynx.

12.

When you swallow, the epiglottis covers the opening to the

a.	pharynx.
b.	esophagus.
c.	larynx.
d.	bronchus.
e.	alveoli.

13.

In pleurisy,

a.	some of the alveoli fill with fluid.
b.	the pleural membrane becomes inflamed and swollen and causes painful breathing.
c.	the diaphragm develops muscular cramps.
d.	the vagus nerve is irritated.
e.	the intercostal muscles become inflamed and cause pain during deep breathing.

14.

Which of the following is NOT found in lung tissue?

a.	blood capillaries
b.	alveolar sacs
c.	interstitial fluid
d.	connective tissue
e.	muscle

15.

The human vocal cords are located in the

a.	glottis.
b.	pharynx.
c.	trachea.
d.	larynx.
e.	bronchus.

16.

Hemoglobin

a.	tends to give up oxygen in regions where partial pressure of oxygen exceeds that in the lungs.
b.	tends to hold onto oxygen when the pH of the blood drops.
c.	tends to release oxygen where the temperature is lower.
d.	releases oxygen more readily in highly active tissues.
e.	all of these

17.

Oxyhemoglobin gives up O2 when

a.	carbon dioxide concentrations are high.
b.	body temperature is lowered.
c.	pH values are high.
d.	CO2 concentrations are low.
e.	all of these

18.

Hemoglobin

a.	tends to release oxygen under warmer temperatures.
b.	picks up more oxygen the higher its partial pressure.
c.	picks up more oxygen when it is saturated.
d.	will give up oxygen when the partial pressure of oxygen is higher than it is in the lungs.
e.	tends to release oxygen under warmer temperatures and picks up more oxygen the higher its partial pressure.

19.

Which of the following statements is false?

a.	Hemoglobin functions as a buffer.
b.	Bicarbonate ions tend to diffuse out of red blood cells into the blood plasma.
c.	The movement of molecules is in different directions in the metabolically active tissues and the alveoli.
d.	Carbonic anhydrase is an enzyme that promotes the formation of oxyhemoglobin.

20.

Carbonic anhydrase

a.	combines with water to form carbonic acid.
b.	dissociates into bicarbonate and hydrogen ions.
c.	is normally found in red blood cells.
d.	is responsible for maintaining the high levels of carbon dioxide in the lungs and the low levels of carbon dioxide in the body tissues.
e.	all of these

21.

The enzyme responsible for converting free carbon dioxide in the blood into forms in which it can be transported in the blood is

a.	carbonic anhydrase.
b.	carboxypeptidase.
c.	carbonase.
d.	decarboxylase.
e.	dehydrogenase.

22.

The rate and depth of breathing are governed by

a.	chemoreceptors in arterial walls.
b.	baroreceptors in the diaphragm.
c.	the partial pressure of O₂ in the atmosphere.
d.	a respiratory center in the brainstem.
e.	all of these except "baroreceptors in the diaphragm."

23.

Carbon monoxide

a.	has a very low affinity or attraction to hemoglobin.
b.	is unlikely to be transported by the circulatory system.
c.	is not the cause of death of people who breathe excessive amounts of automobile exhaust.
d.	can arise from cigarette smoke.
e.	is not the cause of death of people who breathe excessive amounts of automobile exhaust and can arise from cigarette smoke.

24.

The cessation of smoking

a.	can reduce the risk of stillbirth.
b.	reduces the chances of cancer.
c.	reduces the chances of coronary heart disease.
d.	improves lung functioning.
e.	all of these

25.

Hypoxia

a.	causes hyperventilation.
b.	may cause headaches, nausea, and lethargy.
c.	can lead to loss of consciousness and death.
d.	may be the result of changes in altitude.
e.	all of these

Short Answer

Respiratory Systems

Answer the following questions in reference to the five components of respiratory systems listed below:

a. pharynx

b. larynx

c. trachea

d. bronchiole

e. alveolus

26.

Refer to Respiratory Systems. This is the last component of the human lung that air flows into.

27.

Refer to Respiratory Systems. Air moves from the nasal cavity into this component.